How to Lift and Squat Correctly to Prevent Lower Back Pain
Lifting is generally considered as a risk factor for low back pain
The incidence of low back pain in industrial workers was as high as 61.6%, which would incur great health and socioeconomic burden
During lifting, trunk muscles are usually activated to bear the external load
Squat and stoop lifting are the two most popularly investigated lifting strategies, with subjects bending their knees or not to reach the weight regardless of the involvement of the lumbar curvature
squat lifting is safer than stoop lifting in bringing the weight closer to the trunk and, hence, reducing demands on the back muscles to counteract the movements of the external loads
Research showed the follwoing when looking at the load on the low back , knees and shoulders: Load mass had the most substantial effect on the L5-S1 compression force.
Horizontal location significantly affected knee and shoulder joint reaction forces.
Each 5k increment in load mass increasesshear force on the joints by 50% , affecting the low back and the shoulders
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Pan F, Wang W, Kong C, Lu S. Trunk muscle behaviors during the full-cycle stoop and squat lifting tasks. PeerJ. 2025 Jan 7;13:e18797. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18797. PMID: 39802189; PMCID: PMC11720969.
Sebastian Skals, Rúni Bláfoss, Mark de Zee, Lars Louis Andersen, Michael Skipper Andersen,
Effects of load mass and position on the dynamic loading of the knees, shoulders and lumbar spine during lifting: a musculoskeletal modelling approach,
Applied Ergonomics,
Volume 96,
2021,
103491,
ISSN 0003-6870,
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